GT5 GreenCell Technologies on Hydrocell

The HydroCell produces Hydrogen Gas, on demand, and adds it to the air drawn into a diesel engine. This small quantity of Hydrogen has large effects on the combustion process.

GreenCell Technologies Inc  is a Canadian company dedicated to designing and bringing to market, technology-based products in the alternative energy market. The current product is called the HydroCell, an on-board on-demand hydrogen generator engineered specifically for Diesel Transport Trucks.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies on Hydrocell: The result is approximately 10% fuel savings and up to a 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide).

GreenCell Tek is also involved in the Solar Energy market. We are currently conducting research and developing strategies to open an alternative energy division that will offer product, consultation and installation services for the Canadian market.

The HYDROCELL system is a safe and reliable product designed exclusively for the Diesel Transport Truck market. The HYDROCELL draws only 25 Amps from the vehicles 12 Volt system and generates enough hydrogen through-out the entire RPM range to enhance combustion.

GreenCell Technologies’s advanced feedback system monitors several conditions and adjusts the electrolysis process, to provide safe and efficient production of Hydrogen gas. The system was designed to operate in a temperature range of -40 to +60C and has an in-cab indicator to show system status. Installation requires no modification to the engine and does not affect the manufacturer’s warranty. The only maintenance needed is the addition of distilled water every 250 hours of operation.

It has been proven in validated tests that adding Hydrogen to fuel in an internal combustion engine will increase the flame speed. At various RPM’s the fuel that is present in the cylinder is not completely burned during the combustion cycle due to the flame speed of petroleum based fuels and the amount of time the combustion cycle is allowed, due to engine speed and load. The addition of Hydrogen gas increases that flame speed and allows for all the fuel in the cylinder to be burned during each combustion cycle. This increases the power produced during that cycle which results in a net savings in fuel use of 10% on average. Greenhouse Gas emissions are also reduced significantly as the major cause of those emissions is un-burnt fuel in the exhaust.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies on Hydrocell: Average of 10% Fuel Savings, Produces Hydrogen on demand, Operates only when engine is running , Low Maintenance – requires water every 200 operating hours and Fail-Safe design – stores no Hydrogen.

Solar Energy. GT5 GreenCell Technologies is currently conducting research and developing strategies to manufacture Solar Photovoltaic (PV) products and bring them to market. The Solar Energy market is being driven by government incentives including significant rebates and power buy-back contracts. These incentives have fueled a growth of the PV markets in Canada, which have been averaging 26% annually since 1993, and about 36% annually since 2000.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies Inc  is a Canadian company dedicated to designing and bringing to market, technology-based products in the alternative energy market. The current product is called the HydroCell, an on-board on-demand hydrogen generator engineered specifically for Diesel Transport Trucks.

Clean Coal - Greencell Technologies Solution for Coal-fired Power Stations

Greencell Technologies article blog by Internet fraud watch on additional reading about GreencellTechnologie solutions. Avoid getting taken by Internet scams and fraudsters.

The GNUL can be retrofitted to existing smokestacks, such as those at coal-fired power stations, at relatively low cost with minimal disruption.

The micro-algae lock up the carbon in their cells and these can be harvested from the GNUL and the lipids, proteins and carbohydrates then converted into biofuel, ethanol, methane or other useful products, using conventional methods.

Instead of Greenhouse gases being fed into the atmosphere, these are fed into GreenCell GNUL Bio-Processors and converted into usable forms of energy and other useful products including but not limited to:

Light sweet crude.

Pharmaceutical grade amino fatty acids, proteins and oils.

The bio mass can be further processed using the cellulous fibre for fabrics; plant, stock and fish food.

It makes a high-density insulation material.

It can be used to feed power stations as a supplement to coal.

The water involved in the process is recycled and cleaned via the process to a natural standard.

GreenCell Technologies is confident that the GNUL will prove an effective way to reduce Greenhouse gas emissions at power stations and other industrial sites.

The Gnul Process: other uses of the GNUL. The GNUL technology opens the door to multiple applications. Algae types can handle most types of water and industrial waste.We will find the GNUL designed into the infrastructure of tomorrow’s buildings.

GreenCell has completed preliminary trials on its methane digester design and has already had interest from commercial piggeries.

Further research with stand alone diesel motors has shown that the GNUL design is also effective in the elimination of oxides from the exhaust of stationary motors as well as lowering CO2 emissions.

GreenCell is also confident that the GNUL will be highly effective in the treatment of polluted water - utilizing algae in the same way as conventional methods but in a controlled and compact space. Use of the GNUL in aquaculture should reduce the blooms of red and blue/green algae and improve the growing conditions considerably.

GNULS are manufactured from recycled, everyday plastics and are specialty moulded using our exclusive patented process.

The same carbon neutral manufacturing process produces very low cost water tanks and methane digesters, which are they, recyclable.

These are used as component and ancillary parts of the whole system.However they are stand-alone items in themselves as they can be “blown” to previously unachievable dimensions.

Metering is via an EPA standard environmental gas analyser.

GreenCell will continue to explore the potential of algae and bacteria in its role as environmental cleanser and is committed to developing the best bio-processor for each individual application.

About the GNUL

The World now realises what the Earth has been trying to say for some time…. It is running out of breath and now is the time to act, before it is too late. The GreenCell GNUL bio-processor - which can be built into the infrastructure that creates our greenhouse gases - turns our worst problem into our greatest asset. The GNUL replicates lungs that breathe in CO2 and other polluting elements and breathes out sweet oxygen, cleans water for re-use and turns bio-waste into useful by-products. It’s what nature has been doing since life on earth began. A low-energy natural process with measurable results. Now we can all be part of a solution, instead of the problem.

EMISSIONS AND TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A MULTICYLINDER PISTON

GT5 GreenCell Technologies: EMISSIONS AND TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A MULTICYLINDER PISTON ENGINE RUNNING ON GASOLINE AND A HYDROGEN-GASOLINE MIXTURE

Johz F. Cassidy Lewis Research Center. Chehnd, Ohio 44135 An experimental program using a multicylinder reciprocating engine was performed to extend the efficient lean operating range of gasoline by adding hydrogen. Both bottled hydrogen and hydrogen produced by a research methanol steam reformer were used. These results were compared with results for all gasoline. A high-compression-ratio, 7. 4-liter (472-in. 3) d i s placement production engine was used. Apparent flame speed was-used to describe the differences in emissions and performance. Therefore, engine emissions and performance, including apparent flame speed and energy lost to the cooling system and the exhaust gas, were measured over a range of equivalence ratios for each fuel. The results were used to explain the advantages of adding hydrogen to gasoline as a method of extending the lean operating range. The minimum-energy-consumption equivalence ratio was extended to leaner conditions by adding hydrogen, although the minimum energy consumption did not change. All emission levels decreased at the leaner conditions. Also, adding hydrogen significantly increased flame speed over all equivalence ratios. Engine performance and emissions with hydrogen from the methanol reformer were about the same as those with bottled hydrogen.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies, Canada - An experimental program using a multicylinder reciprocating engine was performed to extend the efficient lean operating range of gasoline by adding hydrogen. Both bottled hydrogen and hydrogen produced by a research methanol steam reformer were used. These results were compared with results for all gasoline. A high-compressionratio, 7.4-liter (472-in. 3) displacement production engine was used. Apparent flame speed was used to describe the differences in emissions and performance. Therefore, engine emissions and performance, including apparent flame speed and energy loss to the cooling system and the exhaust gas, were measured over a range of equivalence ratios for each fuel.

The results were used to explain the advantages of adding hydrogen to gasoline as a method of extending the lean operating range. The minimum-energy-consumption equivalence ratio was extended to leaner conditions by adding hydrogen, although the minimum energy consumption did not change. All emission levels decreased at the leaner conditions. Also, hydrogen addition significantly increased flame speed over all equivalence ratios. Engine performance and emissions with hydrogen from the methanol reformer were about the same as those with bottled hydrogen.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies, Canada - INTRODUCTION . Increasing the efficiency of reciprocating engines has constantly been pursued since Otto-cycle engines were first used as vehicle powerplants. The important effects of fuel consumption on factors such as vehicle range, operating cost, and vehicle structures have always been important design considerations. During the past decade, the impact of environmental factors and a national interest in energy conservation have accentuated the need to produce clean and efficient engines. Many concepts for im

proving efficiency and meeting emissions standards have been tested and reported in the A review of the literature dealing with the problems of lean-mixture-ratio operation shows that a fuel with a low lean flammability limit and a high flame speed might yield low exhaust emissions at ultralean conditions. Hydrogen was identified in reference 5 as having those properties and has been the subject of much investigation. Using a small quantity, on a weight basis, of hydrogen as a supplement to gasoline was chosen as a way to extend lean engine operation. Onboard generation of hydrogen was selected as a feasible way to use hydrogen in a mobile application. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory I conducted a similar program (refs. 6 and 7) in which hydrogen generated by the partial oxidation of gasoline was used as a fuel supplement for lean engine operation. Various  commercial processes to generate hydrogen were analyzed for their applicability. The catalytic steam reformation of methyl alcohol (methanol) using engine exhaust heat was selected as being the most efficient process to generate hydrogen that was also compact enough to be carried on a vehicle. One disadvantage is that it would require a second fuel and a second fuel system.

A research system to generate hydrogen by methanol reformation was built and installed on a multicylinder engine in an existing engine test setup. An independent and parallel program on catalyst evaluation was performed but is not part of this report. An engine test program was conducted using gasoline and additions of gaseous hydrogen and reformed methanol to evaluate the effects of hydrogen-gasoline fuel mixtures on exhaust emissions, extension of lean engine operating limits, and fuel flammability limits and combustion flame speed.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies, Canada - This report presents a brief description of the breadboard methanol reformation system and the results of fuel and engine testing. The data were taken in the U. S. customary system of units and converted to SI units for this report.

GreenCell Technology is a Canadian company dedicated to designing and bringing to market, technology-based products in the alternative energy market. The current product is called the HydroCell, an on-board on-demand hydrogen generator engineered specifically for Diesel Transport Trucks.

GreenCell Technologies GT5 Develops New Wireless Product

(Toronto) – GreenCell Technologies GT5 Develops New Wireless Product to Complement HydroCell™ unit. GreenCell Technologies Inc. is pleased to announce the successful development and forthcoming release of a new product to complement its HydroCell™ unit.  Based on recent feedback from long-haul truckers, the GreenCell research team has now designed a wireless status indicator that will be manufactured and sold as a package in tandem with its popular Hydrogen Enrichment System.

The innovative device simply plugs into the cigarette lighter on the dashboard and instantly indicates the current status of the HydroCell™ and its present operating condition. The driver will instantly be aware if the HydroCell™ is in need of water and can rectify the condition which will minimize downtime. 

The HydroCell™ requires the addition of water every 40 - 50 hours of operation and will shut down and not generate Hydrogen if allowed to run dry. This device will ensure maximum fuel savings by eliminating downtime due to lack of water.  HydroCell™ has exceeded expectations and is typically doubling hydrogen output and increasing fuel efficiencies for transportation companies and independent drivers alike.

Hydrogen, as a fuel, is emission free and the only by-product of combustion is water.  It is the most abundant element in the universe and is the fuel of choice for the Space Shuttle’s main engine. 

To assure continued fuel savings, the HydroCell™ is always tested for performance, efficiency, reliability and hydrogen output on numerous vehicles, to enhance its core design and help refine the product specifications for engineers.  In addition to recent discoveries, GreenCell Technologies GT5 is also conducting extensive lab tests to establish the most efficient electrolyte mixture and the optimal Anode to Cathode distance for maximum hydrogen production.  These tests will lead to new modifications to increase hydrogen output, boost fuel efficiency overall and reduce manufacturing costs. 

The HydroCell™ is an electrolysis-based on-demand Hydrogen generator designed specifically for the transport industry. The product draws a small amount of power from the vehicles electrical system and uses it to produce Hydrogen gas from a water-based solution. The HydroCell™ directs the produced Hydrogen gas to the intake of the vehicles engine where it acts as a catalyst during the normal combustion cycle. This creates more power and fewer emissions, burning only the existing fuel in the cylinder, resulting simply in less fuel being required to operate the vehicle.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies Inc. is a Canadian company, dedicated to designing and bringing to market technology-based products for the transportation and energy industries.

For further information, contact the GreenCell Technologies Inc. head office in Canada, through email, which can be sent to: Investors@greencelltek.com

GT5 GreenCell Develops New Wireless Product to Complement HydroCell™ unit

For Immediate Release:

November 9, 2010

(Toronto) – GreenCell Technologies Inc. is pleased to announce the successful development and forthcoming release of a new product to complement its HydroCell™ unit.  Based on recent feedback from long-haul truckers, the GreenCell research team has now designed a wireless status indicator that will be manufactured and sold as a package in tandem with its popular Hydrogen Enrichment System.

The innovative device simply plugs into the cigarette lighter on the dashboard and instantly indicates the current status of the HydroCell™ and its present operating condition. The driver will instantly be aware if the HydroCell™ is in need of water and can rectify the condition which will minimize downtime. 

The HydroCell™ requires the addition of water every 40 - 50 hours of operation and will shut down and not generate Hydrogen if allowed to run dry. This device will ensure maximum fuel savings by eliminating downtime due to lack of water.  HydroCell™ has exceeded expectations and is typically doubling hydrogen output and increasing fuel efficiencies for transportation companies and independent drivers alike.

Hydrogen, as a fuel, is emission free and the only by-product of combustion is water.  It is the most abundant element in the universe and is the fuel of choice for the Space Shuttle’s main engine. 

To assure continued fuel savings, the HydroCell™ is always tested for performance, efficiency, reliability and hydrogen output on numerous vehicles, to enhance its core design and help refine the product specifications for engineers.  In addition to recent discoveries, GreenCell is also conducting extensive lab tests to establish the most efficient electrolyte mixture and the optimal Anode to Cathode distance for maximum hydrogen production.  These tests will lead to new modifications to increase hydrogen output, boost fuel efficiency overall and reduce manufacturing costs. 

The HydroCell™ is an electrolysis-based on-demand Hydrogen generator designed specifically for the transport industry. The product draws a small amount of power from the vehicles electrical system and uses it to produce Hydrogen gas from a water-based solution. The HydroCell™ directs the produced Hydrogen gas to the intake of the vehicles engine where it acts as a catalyst during the normal combustion cycle. This creates more power and fewer emissions, burning only the existing fuel in the cylinder, resulting simply in less fuel being required to operate the vehicle.

GT5 GreenCell Technologies Inc. is a Canadian company, dedicated to designing and bringing to market technology-based products for the transportation and energy industries.

For further information, contact the GreenCell Technologies Inc. head office in Canada, through email, which can be sent to: Investors@greencelltek.com

GreenCell Technologies -The Science

A good warning: minimizing use of land and other resources, GreenCell develops the GNUL Bio Processor

GreenCell Research Pty Ltd has now taken these ideas to the next level. Utilizing the intellectual property of Ian Wright, GreenCell Research Pty Ltd constructed a number of bio-processors at Yatala, Queensland to prove the concept. Scientists from the Atmospheric Research Facility at CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, provided advice on algae selection. To minimize the use of land and water resources, a proprietary bio-processor was created to grow the algae. Invoplas Pty Ltd, a plastics R & D company, built the processors.

The final bio-processor has been named the GNUL - “lung” in reverse - breathing in CO2 and breathing out O2.

Between 1978 and 1996, the US Department of Energy funded research into technologies that could have significant impacts on the consumption of fossil fuels. The focus of this research became the Aquatic Species Program, which investigated renewable fuel production (bio-diesel) from high-oil algae species, fed by the waste CO2 from coal-fired power plants. Researchers whittled down over 3,000 strains of micro-organisms into the most productive 300, and constructed 1000 sq. meter test ponds outside of Roswell, NM.

The ponds were set up as sort of algae ‘race-tracks’, where algae were circulated around shallow, oval-shaped ponds as carbon dioxide bubbled through the mixture. Results were successful and in some ways encouraging, but the program was abandoned after almost two decades, as a result of budget constraints and a preference for allocating resources to researching ethanol as a substitute for low cost fossil fuels.

About the GNUL

The World now realizes what the Earth has been trying to say for some time…. It is running out of breath and now is the time to act, before it is too late. The GreenCell GNUL bio-processor - which can be built into the infrastructure that creates our greenhouse gases - turns our worst problem into our greatest asset. The GNUL replicates lungs that breathe in CO2 and other polluting elements and breathes out sweet oxygen, cleans water for re-use and turns bio-waste into useful by-products. It’s what nature has been doing since life on earth began. A low-energy natural process with measurable results. Now we can all be part of a solution, instead of the problem. “BREATHE A LITTLE EASIER”

GT5 GreenCell Technologies: HYDROGEN USE AS A MOTOR FUEL

There are several ways that hydrogen can be used as a motor fuel. It can be used to directly replace gasoline or diesel fuel in specially designed internal combustion engines (ICEs), or it can be used to supplement these typical fuels in existing engines. In either of these cases, the vehicle drive system will be identical to those used on most gasoline-powered or diesel-powered vehicles. The engine will drive the vehicle’s wheels through a transmission, drive shaft, and front or rear axle.

Hydrogen can also be used as the fuel source for a “fuel cell engine,” in which case the vehicle’s drive system will be very different. A fuel cell directly creates electricity, which can be used to power an electric motor to drive the vehicle’s wheels. A fuel cell vehicle is, therefore, an electric vehicle, but one that creates its own electricity and does not need to be plugged in to recharge batteries. A small fuel cell can also be used to create electricity to directly power the auxiliary systems on a commercial truck (for example heating, air conditioning, and lighting in a sleeper berth), which are typically powered by the truck’s main engine. Using such a fuel cell auxiliary power unit (APU) would allow the driver to shut off the truck’s main diesel engine while resting, saving fuel and reducing pollution.

Regardless of whether the hydrogen will be used in a fuel cell main engine, a fuel cell APU, or an internal combustion engine, there are different ways that it can be stored on the vehicle. As described below, these different storage technologies can introduce significantly different potential hazards, including very high pressure (gaseous hydrogen storage), very low temperature (liquid hydrogen storage), or high temperature (liquid fuel reforming).

GT5 GreenCell Technologies: Currently both fuel cells and hydrogen ICEs are in the early stages of commercialization. All of the major auto companies have fielded concept, prototype, or demonstration fuel cell sedans and sport utility vehicles in the last several years, with at least fifteen different models introduced since 2000 (Barnitt and Eudy, 2005; USFCC, 2006). Most of these vehicles have been operated by the companies themselves or have been fielded to government agencies and fleet customers as part of technology development or demonstration programs. The California Fuel Cell Partnership reports that its members have placed 134 light-duty fuel cell vehicles in service in California since 2000 (CAFCP, n.d.). In addition, there are currently nine fuel cell transit buses in service in the United States and Canada, and over 20 in Europe and Asia (Chandler and Eudy, 2006).

It is expected that commercial fuel cells will be introduced into government and transit bus fleets between 2010 and 2020, with sales to commercial vehicle fleets and the public sometime between 2020 and 2030 (DOE, 2002). It is also expected that the first use of hydrogen fuel in the commercial truck sector will be to power fuel cell APUs rather than to power fuel cell or hydrogen ICE main propulsion engines. At least one company has announced plans to introduce commercial fuel cell APUs as early as 2011 (Delphi, 2005).

GT5 GreenCell Technologies: Most current prototype fuel cell vehicles carry their hydrogen fuel as a compressed gas, and it is expected that this will continue to be the case for the earliest commercial vehicles. It may be desirable to store liquid hydrogen onboard a commercial vehicle because it has a higher energy density and would increase the range between fill-ups. However, onboard liquid hydrogen storage is more costly, and it is more likely that liquid hydrogen will be stored at fueling stations to supply gaseous hydrogen to vehicles. Other storage technologies, such as metal and chemical hydrides, are much further from commercial readiness (DOE, n.d.). Several fuel cell buses have been demonstrated that “reform,” or extract hydrogen from, liquid methanol onboard (Georgetown University, 2003), and there are fuel cell APU systems under development that will derive their hydrogen from onboard reforming of diesel fuel or gasoline (Delphi, 2005). In addition, there are several commercial “hydrogen injection” systems available for retrofit on diesel engines (CHEC, n.d.). These systems produce small amounts of hydrogen by electrolysis of water carried on the vehicle, which is injected into the diesel engine along with the diesel fuel.

This document was prepared by Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. and M.J. Bradley & Associates, Inc., under contract GS-23F-0025K with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), a subdivision of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). The FMCSA project manager for this project was Mr. Quon Kwan, the Booz Allen Hamilton project manager was Mr. John Simon, and the principal author of this document was Mr. Dana Lowell of M.J. Bradley & Associates.

The authors are grateful to Mr. Paul Scott, ISE Corporation; Mr. Chris Morgan and Mr. Michael Chafee, California Highway Patrol; and Mr. Craig Michels, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District for providing extensive peer review comments

GUIDELINES FOR USE OF HYDROGEN FUEL IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES: Greencell Technologies Part 2

GreenCell Technologies, Canada Part 2: In some ways, a gaseous hydrogen fuel leak is less dangerous than a leak of diesel fuel or gasoline. Leaking diesel fuel and gasoline can puddle and spread over a large area, and the puddles will persist because they evaporate slowly. Gaseous hydrogen leaks tend to be vertical, with only a relatively narrow area/volume in which a flammable mixture exists—the hydrogen quickly rises and dissipates in open air to nonhazardous levels.

If designed properly, the most likely location of a major hydrogen leak from a vehicle will be through the pressure relief device (PRD) on the hydrogen fuel storage cylinders, which should vent away from the occupied area of the vehicle. PRDs are designed to vent the entire contents of a hydrogen tank in only a few minutes—after which there is no lingering risk of hydrogen fire or explosion if the release was in the open air. Large hydrogen leaks inside buildings are more dangerous unless the facility has been designed to evacuate the leaked gas and to minimize ignition sources at ceiling level.

GreenCell Technologies, Canada -  Leaking liquid hydrogen can pool and spread, but will quickly evaporate as it is heated by the surrounding air. The distance it will spread and the rate of evaporation will depend on the size of the leak and on ambient conditions. As it evaporates, the cloud of gaseous hydrogen formed over the spill may move horizontally as it rises and dissipates. This hydrogen cloud may be cold enough to cause frostbite to exposed skin and should be avoided.

While diesel fuel and gasoline leaks are easily visible and accompanied by a strong characteristic smell, gaseous hydrogen leaks are invisible and odorless. The only indication of a gaseous hydrogen leak may be a whistling noise similar to escape of other high-pressure gases. A liquid hydrogen leak may be accompanied by an area of fog surrounding the leaking hydrogen and/or the formation of frost on the tank or lines in the vicinity of the leak, because the super cold hydrogen cools the surrounding air and causes water vapor to condense.

Based on hydrogen’s chemical and physical properties, there are a number of general principles that govern safe design and use of hydrogen fuel. These are essentially the same principles that apply to the use of any gaseous fuel (e.g., natural gas), but their application may be slightly different based on the properties of hydrogen. The most important safety principle in any situation is education—making anyone who will come into contact with a vehicle aware of a potential hazard. For hydrogen and other alternative-fueled vehicles, this is done with appropriate labeling to let users, emergency responders, and the public know that hydrogen is present.

GreenCell Technologies, Canada -  As with other motor fuels, fire and explosions are the most significant everyday hazards associated with hydrogen. Also as with other fuels, a hydrogen leak from a vehicle’s fuel or engine system, or from a fueling station, provides the starting point for all fire and explosion hazards. Safe design for using hydrogen, both for vehicles and for fuel stations and buildings, therefore, requires attention to these safety principles:

• Properly label all vehicles that use hydrogen fuel.

Avoid fire and explosion by:

Avoiding leaks through proper design and maintenance,

Providing leak detection systems to detect leaks and, if a leak is detected, shut off the fuel system as soon as possible,

Removing ignition sources from areas where leaked hydrogen might be present, and

GreenCell Technologies, Canada -  Properly ventilating all enclosed spaces where leaked hydrogen might accumulate.  These general principles translate into specific design and operating requirements for hydrogen-fueled vehicles, the facilities that will house or maintain them, and hydrogen fuel stations. In most aspects, commercial vehicles powered by hydrogen will be identical to those powered by diesel fuel, but some hydrogen-specific design elements are required. Likewise, operation of these vehicles will be similar to operation of diesel-fueled vehicles, with a few exceptions. Each vehicle manufacturer will develop their own designs, which are likely to vary significantly in the details, while adhering to the same general design principles noted above.

Greencell Technologies A Solution for Coal-Fired Power Stations

The GNUL can be retrofitted to existing smokestacks, such as those at coal-fired power stations, at relatively low cost with minimal disruption.

Article blog by Internet fraud watch on additional reading about Greencell Technologies. Avoid getting taken by Internet scams and fraud.

The micro-algae lock up the carbon in their cells and these can be harvested from the GNUL and the lipids, proteins and carbohydrates then converted into biofuel, ethanol, methane or other useful products, using conventional methods.

Instead of Greenhouse gases being fed into the atmosphere, these are fed into GreenCell GNUL Bio-Processors and converted into usable forms of energy and other useful products including but not limited to: Light sweet crude, pharmaceutical grade amino fatty acids, proteins and oils, the bio mass can be further processed using the cellulous fiber for fabrics; plant, stock and fish food, it makes a high-density insulation material, it can be used to feed power stations as a supplement to coal, the water involved in the process is recycled and cleaned via the process to a natural standard.

GreenCell Technologies is confident that the GNUL will prove an effective way to reduce Greenhouse gas emissions at power stations and other industrial sites.

The Gnul Process: other uses of the GNUL

The GNUL technology opens the door to multiple applications.

Algae types can handle most types of water and industrial waste.

We will find the GNUL designed into the infrastructure of tomorrow’s buildings.

GreenCell has completed preliminary trials on its methane digester design and has already had interest from commercial piggeries.

Further research with stand alone diesel motors has shown that the GNUL design is also effective in the elimination of oxides from the exhaust of stationary motors as well as lowering CO2 emissions.

GreenCell is also confident that the GNUL will be highly effective in the treatment of polluted water - utilizing algae in the same way as conventional methods but in a controlled and compact space. Use of the GNUL in aquaculture should reduce the blooms of red and blue/green algae and improve the growing conditions considerably.

GNULS are manufactured from recycled, everyday plastics and are specialty moulded using our exclusive patented process.

The same carbon neutral manufacturing process produces very low cost water tanks and methane digesters, which are themselves, recyclable.

These are used as component and ancillary parts of the whole system. However they are stand-alone items in themselves as they can be “blown” to previously unachievable dimensions.

Metering is via an EPA standard environmental gas analyzer.

GreenCell will continue to explore the potential of algae and bacteria in its role as environmental cleanser and is committed to developing the best bio-processor for each individual application.

About the GNUL

The World now realizes what the Earth has been trying to say for some time. It is running out of breath and now is the time to act, before it is too late. The GreenCell GNUL bio-processor - which can be built into the infrastructure that creates our greenhouse gases - turns our worst problem into our greatest asset. The GNUL replicates lungs that breathe in CO2 and other polluting elements and breathes out sweet oxygen, cleans water for re-use and turns bio-waste into useful by-products. It’s what nature has been doing since life on earth began. A low-energy natural process with measurable results. Now we can all be part of a solution, instead of the problem.

GreenCell Tek Canada News: GUIDELINES FOR USE OF HYDROGEN FUEL IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES Part1

GreenCell Technologies, Canada: Today, virtually all commercial trucks are powered by diesel fuel, while private cars are fueled by gasoline. Supported by our National Energy Policy, a new generation of technologies is currently being developed that allow the use of hydrogen as a fuel to power cars and trucks. In the future, hydrogen may be used in one of three ways to power vehicles:

To produce electricity in a fuel cell,

As a replacement for gasoline or diesel fuel in an internal combustion engine,1 or

 GreenCell Technologies, Canada: As a supplement to gasoline or diesel fuel used in an internal combustion engine.

This document is intended to be a safety reference for commercial vehicle fleet owners and operators that use vehicles or auxiliary power units powered by hydrogen fuel. It was designed to provide commercial vehicle owners and operators with a basic understanding of the properties and characteristics of hydrogen, descriptions of the types of systems that might use hydrogen fuel on commercial vehicles, and practical guidelines for the safe use of hydrogen, both on vehicles and in vehicle maintenance and storage facilities.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in our universe. In addition to being a component of all living things, hydrogen and oxygen together make up water, which covers 70 percent of the earth. In its pure form, hydrogen is a gas at normal temperatures and pressures; it is the lightest gas (even lighter than helium), with only 7 percent of the density of air. If you get it cold enough (-423 °F), gaseous hydrogen will liquefy, and it can be transported and stored in this form.

GreenCell Technologies, Canada: There is virtually no “free” hydrogen on earth—all of it is combined with other elements (mostly oxygen or carbon) in other substances. Every molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Hydrocarbon fuels such as coal, gasoline, diesel, and natural gas also contain hydrogen. In the case of gasoline and diesel fuel, there are approximately two hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom, while natural gas contains four hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom. To be used as a fuel, hydrogen is typically separated from either water (via electrolysis) or from a hydrocarbon fuel (via reforming).

Regardless of whether hydrogen fuel will be used in a fuel cell main engine, a fuel cell APU, or an internal combustion engine, there are different ways that it can be stored on the vehicle. Some fuel stations include liquid hydrogen storage, but on the vehicle, hydrogen is usually stored as a gas at high pressure. It is also possible to store a liquid fuel (gasoline, diesel, or methanol) onboard a vehicle and then use an onboard reformer to separate the hydrogen just before it is used in the fuel cell engine. While this requires additional equipment on the vehicle, it removes the need for high-pressure gas storage. These different storage technologies can introduce significantly different potential hazards, including very high pressure (gaseous hydrogen storage), very low temperature (liquid hydrogen storage), or high temperature (liquid fuel reforming).

GreenCell Technologies, Canada: All motor fuels, including diesel fuel, gasoline, and natural gas also pose risks of fire and explosion if handled improperly. Hydrogen is no different. While there are risks, hydrogen can be as safe, or safer, than diesel and other fuels when vehicles and fuel stations are designed and operated properly. All fuels require particular design and handling practices based on their properties, and all present certain hazards when mishandled. Understanding the properties of hydrogen is necessary to understanding what is required to use it safely.

GreenCell Technologies, Canada: Hydrogen gas is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and noncorrosive—and it is nontoxic to humans. It has the second widest flammability range in air of any gas, but leaking hydrogen gas rises and diffuses to a nonflammable mixture quickly. Hydrogen ignites very easily and burns hot, but tends to burn out quickly. A hydrogen flame burns very cleanly, producing virtually no soot, which means that it is also virtually invisible. The extremely low temperature of liquid hydrogen poses a severe frostbite hazard to exposed skin.

Greencell Technologies – Greenhouse Effect May Give Exoplanet Liquid Water

By John Timmer. Although our catalog of exoplanets is expanding rapidly, researchers are still looking for one that can unequivocally play host to liquid water on its surface. Over the past several years, attention has focused on the collection of planets orbiting the red dwarf Gliese 581, which is only 20 light years from Earth. The star plays host to at least five planets, some of which have been put forth as candidates for habitability based on the presence of liquid water. A new climate model, however, has now shifted attention towards GJ581d, a super-Earth that was thought to be too cold to support liquid water.

The history of the Gliese system is enough to make anyone cautious about the new announcement. Back in 2007, GJ581c was discovered orbiting right at the inner edge of the habitable zone, and was estimated to have a temperature that could support water. Further refinements, however, indicated that the presence of any greenhouse gasses would quickly boost the temperatures there to the point where the water would boil off.
Last year came the announcement of GJ581g, squarely in the heart of the habitable zone and only a few times heavier than the Earth. Other research groups with observational data on Gliese 581, however, can't seem to detect any indication of an additional planet, leaving GJ581g in scientific limbo until enough additional data comes in.
While waiting for all of that to be sorted out, a research team has gone back and taken another look at GJ581c's ugly step-sister, GJ581d. GJ581d is a heavy super-Earth orbiting at the far edge of the habitable zone, and had been thought to be too cold to support liquid water. And, unlike GJ581c, GJ581d was thought to be incapable of supporting an atmosphere that could produce enough of a greenhouse effect to warm things up.
Although it's at the far edge of Gliese 581's habitable zone, that's actually fairly close to the host star, a dim red dwarf. Close enough that the planet is thought to be tidally locked to the star, meaning its rotation and orbit are synchronized such that only one side of the planet ever faces the star (the tilt of its axis of rotation should also be minimal). This ensures that the planet's poles and far side are extremely cold, which creates a problem similar to the one that occurs on Mars: below a certain temperature, things like carbon dioxide start freezing out of the atmosphere, leading to its ultimate collapse. And with no atmosphere, there's not much chance for a greenhouse effect.
Previous attempts to understand the planet's atmosphere relied on an extremely simplified model. The new work, which has been accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters, marks a major improvement over those, as the authors have created a three-dimensional, general circulation model (GCM) that can work for a range of planets. Starting with a GCM that was developed for studying Mars, the authors pulled out all the Mars-specific features and replaced them with adjustable parameters. Thus, things like the planet's mass and orbit, as well as the radiation produced by the host star, could be adjusted to match those of the Gliese system. Things like the atmosphere's composition can be changed to try different levels of greenhouse warming, and the surface could be switched from a rocky composition to a planet-wide ocean.
Plugging in the values for GJ581d dictated by astronomical observations, the authors starting testing out atmospheres with different compositions and densities. With a rocky surface and CO₂ rich atmosphere at pressures below about 10 bar, the atmosphere was unstable, and would begin to condense out at the poles and on the planet's dark side. But things changed when the atmosphere got thicker. "For denser atmospheres," the authors state, "we found that horizontal heat transport and greenhouse warming became effective enough to remove the threat of collapse and allow surface temperatures above the melting point of water."
Something similar happened on a watery world. At 20 bar and up, the strong greenhouse effect produced by water vapor was sufficient to raise the temperatures enough that the whole planet was above the point where the atmosphere would collapse, and liquid water could persist on GJ581d's sunny side. As long as the atmosphere was dense enough, there was no danger of a global glaciation of the sort that has occurred on Earth. Below that density, local pockets of melting could occur on the day side of the planet, but the dark side would get so cold that even nitrogen would condense out of it, and any water vapor would quickly freeze back out.
What are the chances that GJ581d actually has a dense atmosphere? It's really difficult to judge. Stars like Gliese 581 have an early period in which they emit a lot of extreme UV light and ion fluxes, which could be sufficient to blast any atmosphere off GJ581d. Geological processes might later restore one, but it's difficult to guess what that atmosphere might look like. A hydrogen-/helium-rich atmosphere wouldn't generate a greenhouse effect, and would thus leave the planet cold. Water and CO₂ are certainly possibilities, but the quantity involved would have to be sufficient to bring things above the critical 10 bar value.
Fortunately, the authors note that Gliese 581 is close enough that we may be able to observe it directly with a future space-based observatory. For when that happy day arrives, they've used their model to produce some possible emissions spectra that should provide us with an indication of what's going on in the planet's atmosphere. If we ever get to the point where we can image the planet, we should be able to tell whether there's liquid water there. Until then, however, astronomers will no doubt keep looking for an exoplanet where the case for habitability is less ambiguous.
Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2011. DOI: not yet available; the paper is available through the arXiv.

Greencell Technologies – The GNUL Process

Emulating nature, algae are grown and are periodically harvested from the bio-processor; mature algae are dislodged and collected while immature algae cling to a membrane and continue to grow. Light is collected and distributed via vertical rods centred in the growth membranes.

Avoid getting taken by Internet scams. Protect yourself and keep updated. Help support scam and fraud busters. Don’t get scammed.

The perfect discrete environment for controlled photosynthesis.

Oil extracted from mature algae can be converted to biofuels using well-established technologies. Thus a double benefit is obtained from a virtuous circle: keeping CO2 from entering the atmosphere, and producing renewable products that will reduce the need for fossil fuels.

The GNUL bio-processors contain specially-selected species of micro-algae, suspended in water and nutrients; this provides for optimal growth. Fresh, salt, artesian or recycled water can be used in the process, as can poor quality water. A stream of gas is drawn from the exhaust stack by a blower and passed through the bioreactor where the algae, illuminated by synthetic sunlight, consume the CO2 component by photosynthesis.

Algae can also break down nitrogen and sulphur-oxide pollutants. To achieve this, the greater portion of the algae is periodically drawn off and put through a ‘dewatering’ process; this concentrates the algae so as to finally yield a solid algal cake, suitable for oil extraction and other processing. Most of the water (95%) is returned to the bio-processor.

The entire process has a very low energy requirement.

8 Unique Advantages of GreenCell’s Technology

A full-size plant built around a five layer stack of Bellows GNULs is expected to be capable of capturing 5 tonnes of CO2 per square metre of floor area each year.

The GreenCell GNULs use a two-stage process to maximise input and output: the first stage creates “sporadic water” in the Bellows GNULs and the second stage grows mature algae cells in the FlatPak GNULs.

A GreenCell GNUL plant, as a fully closed system, can operate continuously 24/7, unaffected by environmental conditions outside the plant.

The system used by GreenCell does not require prior scrubbing of nitrogen oxides from the input emissions.

The inexpensive nature of the materials used, the small land footprint, and the valuable by-products produced, mean that the installation of a GreenCell GNUL plant could be expected to pay for itself within a few years.

The carbon capture efficiency of the closed system is continuously and accurately measurable by gas content at the input and output points of the plant.

The GNUL lighting system can be tailored to individual algae species requirements.

In extreme environments, the GNUL system can be moved underground, unlike open carbon capture systems.

About the GNUL

The World now realizes what the Earth has been trying to say for some time…. It is running out of breath and now is the time to act, before it is too late. The GreenCell GNUL bio-processor - which can be built into the infrastructure that creates our greenhouse gases - turns our worst problem into our greatest asset. The GNUL replicates lungs that breathe in CO2 and other polluting elements and breathes out sweet oxygen, cleans water for re-use and turns bio-waste into useful by-products. It’s what nature has been doing since life on earth began. A low-energy natural process with measurable results. Now we can all be part of a solution, instead of the problem.

GreenCell Technologies: GASOLINE AND A HYDROGEN-GASOLINE MIXTURE

 GreenCell Technologies: EMISSIONS AND TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A MULTICYLINDER PISTON ENGINE RUNNING ON GASOLINE AND A HYDROGEN-GASOLINE MIXTURE

Johz F. Cassidy Lewis Research Center. Chehnd, Ohio 44135 An experimental program using a multicylinder reciprocating engine was performed to extend the efficient lean operating range of gasoline by adding hydrogen. ^{Both bottled hydrogen and} hydrogen produced by a research methanol steam reformer were used. ^{These results were} compared with results for all gasoline. A high-compression-ratio, 7. 4-liter (472-in. ³) d i s placement production engine was used. Apparent flame speed was-used to describe the differences in emissions and performance. Therefore, engine emissions and performance, including apparent flame speed and energy lost to the cooling system and the exhaust gas, were measured over a range of equivalence ratios for each fuel. The results were used to explain the advantages of adding hydrogen to gasoline as a method of extending the lean operating range. ^The minimum-energy-consumption equivalence ratio was extended to leaner conditions by adding hydrogen, although the minimum energy consumption did not change. ^{All emission levels de}creased at the leaner conditions. Also, adding hydrogen significantly increased flame speed _{over all equivalence ratios.} Engine performance and emissions with hydrogen from the methanol reformer were about the same as those with bottled hydrogen.

GreenCell Technologies, Canada - An experimental program using a multicylinder reciprocating engine was performed to extend the efficient lean operating range of gasoline by adding hydrogen. Both bottled hydrogen and hydrogen produced by a research methanol steam reformer were used. These results were compared with results for all gasoline. A high-compressionratio, 7.4-liter (472-in. ³) displacement production engine was used. Apparent flame speed was used to describe the differences in emissions and performance. Therefore, engine emissions and performance, including apparent flame speed and energy loss to the cooling system and the exhaust gas, were measured over a range of equivalence ratios for each fuel.

The results were used to explain the advantages of adding hydrogen to gasoline as a method of extending the lean operating range. The minimum-energy-consumption equivalence ratio was extended to leaner conditions by adding hydrogen, although the minimum energy consumption did not change. All emission levels decreased at the leaner conditions. Also, hydrogen addition significantly increased flame speed over all ^{equivalence ratios.} Engine performance and emissions with hydrogen from the methanol reformer were about the same as those with bottled hydrogen.

GreenCell Technologies, Canada - INTRODUCTION . Increasing the efficiency of reciprocating engines has constantly been pursued since Otto-cycle engines were first used as vehicle powerplants. The important effects of fuel consumption on factors such as vehicle range, operating cost, and vehicle structures have always been important design considerations. During the past decade, the impact of environmental factors and a national interest in energy conservation have accentuated the need to produce clean and efficient engines. ^{Many concepts for im}

proving efficiency and meeting emissions standards have been tested and reported in the A review of the literature dealing with the problems of lean-mixture-ratio operation shows that a fuel with a low lean flammability limit and a high flame speed might yield low exhaust emissions at ultralean conditions. Hydrogen was identified in reference 5 as having those properties and has been the subject of much investigation. ^{Using a small} quantity, on a weight basis, of hydrogen as a supplement to gasoline was chosen as a way to extend lean engine operation. Onboard generation of hydrogen was selected as a feasible way to use hydrogen in a mobile application. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory _I conducted a similar program (refs. 6 and 7) in which hydrogen generated by the partial oxidation of gasoline was used as a fuel supplement for lean engine operation. Various  commercial processes to generate hydrogen were analyzed for their applicability. The catalytic steam reformation of methyl alcohol (methanol) using engine exhaust heat was selected as being the most efficient process to generate hydrogen that was also compact enough to be carried on a vehicle. One disadvantage is that it would require a second fuel and a second fuel system.

A research system to generate hydrogen by methanol reformation was built and installed on a multicylinder engine in an existing engine test setup. An independent and parallel program on catalyst evaluation was performed but is not part of this report. An engine test program was conducted using gasoline and additions of gaseous hydrogen and reformed methanol to evaluate the effects of hydrogen-gasoline fuel mixtures on exhaust emissions, extension of lean engine operating limits, and fuel flammability limits and combustion flame speed.

GreenCell Technologies, Canada - This report presents a brief description of the breadboard methanol reformation system and the results of fuel and engine testing. The data were taken in the U. S. customary system of units and converted to SI units for this report.

GreenCell Technology is a Canadian company dedicated to designing and bringing to market, technology-based products in the alternative energy market. The current product is called the HydroCell, an on-board on-demand hydrogen generator engineered specifically for Diesel Transport Trucks.

GreenCell Technologies Inc: Hydrocell

GreenCell Technologies Inc  is a Canadian company dedicated to designing and bringing to market, technology-based products in the alternative energy market. The current product is called the HydroCell, an on-board on-demand hydrogen generator engineered specifically for Diesel Transport Trucks.

The HydroCell produces Hydrogen Gas, on demand, and adds it to the air drawn into a diesel engine. This small quantity of Hydrogen has large effects on the combustion process. The result is approximately 10% fuel savings and up to a 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide).

GreenCell Tek is also involved in the Solar Energy market. We are currently conducting research and developing strategies to open an alternative energy division that will offer product, consultation and installation services for the Canadian market.

The HYDROCELL system is a safe and reliable product designed exclusively for the Diesel Transport Truck market. The HYDROCELL draws only 25 Amps from the vehicles 12 Volt system and generates enough hydrogen through-out the entire RPM range to enhance combustion.

GreenCell Technologies’s advanced feedback system monitors several conditions and adjusts the electrolysis process, to provide safe and efficient production of Hydrogen gas. The system was designed to operate in a temperature range of -40 to +60C and has an in-cab indicator to show system status. Installation requires no modification to the engine and does not affect the manufacturer’s warranty. The only maintenance needed is the addition of distilled water every 250 hours of operation.

It has been proven in validated tests that adding Hydrogen to fuel in an internal combustion engine will increase the flame speed. At various RPM’s the fuel that is present in the cylinder is not completely burned during the combustion cycle due to the flame speed of petroleum based fuels and the amount of time the combustion cycle is allowed, due to engine speed and load. The addition of Hydrogen gas increases that flame speed and allows for all the fuel in the cylinder to be burned during each combustion cycle. This increases the power produced during that cycle which results in a net savings in fuel use of 10% on average. Greenhouse Gas emissions are also reduced significantly as the major cause of those emissions is un-burnt fuel in the exhaust.

·         Average of 10% Fuel Savings

·         Produces Hydrogen on demand

·         Operates only when engine is running

·         Low Maintenance – requires water every 200 operating hours

·         Fail-Safe design – stores no Hydrogen

Applications

·         Transport Trucks

·         School Busses

·         Municipal Heavy Equipment – Snow-Plows – Garbage & Recycle Trucks

·         Farm Heavy Equipment – Tractors – Sprayers/Bailers & Harvesters

·         Construction Heavy Equipment - Bulldozers - Dump Trucks – Black-Hoes

·         Diesel-Electric Generators

Solar Energy. GreenCell Technologies is currently conducting research and developing strategies to manufacture Solar Photovoltaic (PV) products and bring them to market. The Solar Energy market is being driven by government incentives including significant rebates and power buy-back contracts. These incentives have fueled a growth of the PV markets in Canada, which have been averaging 26% annually since 1993, and about 36% annually since 2000.

GreenCell Technologies: Pepsi Bottling Group Acquires Hydrogen-Injected Trucks

GreenCell Technologies, Canada: WYTHEVILLE, VA – The Pepsi Bottling Group's truck fleet in the New River Valley region of Virginia has added 21 hydrogen-injected trucks in an effort to boost fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. 

The trucks were purchased from Hydrogen Leasing Co., a subsidiary of Dynamic Fuel Systems' U.S. dealers, Hydrogen Fuel Systems Inc. 
GreenCell Technologies, Canada: Dynamic Fuel Systems Inc., based in Canada, provides a transportable hydrogen generator retrofit targeted for use in the heavy tractor trailer industry. 
The Pepsi Bottling Group's new hydrogen-injected trucks are equipped with Dynamic's Jetstar, an onboard portable hydrogen generator that injects small amounts of hydrogen into the air intake as a combustion stimulant. The process is designed to reduce nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions, resulting in more power and better fuel economy. 
GreenCell Tek Canada: "The expansion of our fleet of alternative-fuel vehicles in the New River Valley region signals our commitment to playing an active role in helping Virginia achieve its long-term energy and climate objectives," said Bill Reeser, vice president and general manager of Pepsi Bottling Group's Virginia market unit. "These investments will also generate future cost savings for PBG, making it a winning proposition for everyone involved."

GreenCell Technology is a Canadian company dedicated to designing and bringing to market, technology-based products in the alternative energy market. The current product is called the HydroCell, an on-board on-demand hydrogen generator engineered specifically for Diesel Transport Trucks.

The HydroCell produces Hydrogen Gas, on demand, and adds it to the air drawn into a diesel engine. This small quantity of Hydrogen has large effects on the combustion process. The result is approximately 10% fuel savings and up to a 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide).

GreenCell Technologies is also involved in the Solar Energy market. We are currently conducting research and developing strategies to open an alternative energy division that will offer product, consultation and installation services for the Canadian market.

GreenCell Tek Canada: The HYDROCELL system is a safe and reliable product designed exclusively for the Diesel Transport Truck market. The HYDROCELL draws only 25 Amps from the vehicles 12 Volt system and generates enough hydrogen through-out the entire RPM range to enhance combustion.

GreenCell’s advanced feedback system monitors several conditions and adjusts the electrolysis process, to provide safe and efficient production of Hydrogen gas. The system was designed to operate in a temperature range of -40 to +60C and has an in-cab indicator to show system status. Installation requires no modification to the engine and does not affect the manufacturer’s warranty. The only maintenance needed is the addition of distilled water every 250 hours of operation.

GreenCell Tek Canada: It has been proven in validated tests that adding Hydrogen to fuel in an internal combustion engine will increase the flame speed. At various RPM’s the fuel that is present in the cylinder is not completely burned during the combustion cycle due to the flame speed of petroleum based fuels and the amount of time the combustion cycle is allowed, due to engine speed and load.